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使用 Potato 進行影像分類

在 Potato 中設定影像分類：用 instance_display 展示影像，用 radio 和 multiselect 方案收集標籤，並加上品質檢查。

Potato Team

大多數計算機視覺項目遲早都需要一堆標好的影像，而這些標註總得有人來做。無論是給產品照片分門別類、稽核內容，還是給醫學影像歸類，Potato 負責介面，你只管標籤。本教程涵蓋幾種常見配置：單標籤和多標籤分類、兩級類目結構，以及讓影像任務保持可靠的品質檢查。

先把影像顯示出來，再提問

在 Potato 裡，分類和繪製是兩件不同的事，把它們混為一談是最常見的第一個錯誤。instance_display 負責把圖片顯示到螢幕上，annotation_schemes 負責提問。image_annotation 類型是用來在影像上畫框和掩碼的，分類任務完全用不到它。

yaml
annotation_task_name: "Product Image Classification"
task_dir: "."
 
data_files:
  - data/products.json
 
item_properties:
  id_key: product_id
  text_key: image_url
 
instance_display:
  fields:
    - key: image_url
      type: image
      label: "Product image"
      display_options:
        max_width: 600
        zoomable: true
 
annotation_schemes:
  - annotation_type: radio
    name: category
    description: "What type of product is shown?"
    labels:
      - Electronics
      - Clothing
      - Home & Garden
      - Sports & Outdoors
      - Books & Media
      - Other
    sequential_key_binding: true
 
output_annotation_dir: annotation_output/
export_annotation_format: jsonl

sequential_key_binding 把 1 到 6 這幾個鍵分給六個標籤。一個只需掃一眼、點一下的任務，速度基本就取決於鍵盤。

介面會在影像下方顯示類別標籤：

帶有類別標籤和鍵盤快捷鍵的影像分類介面影像標註介面，顯示一張產品圖片以及分類標籤和鍵盤快捷鍵

資料格式

建立 data/products.json：

json
{"product_id": "P001", "image_url": "/images/products/laptop.jpg"}
{"product_id": "P002", "image_url": "/images/products/tshirt.jpg"}
{"product_id": "P003", "image_url": "/images/products/garden_tools.jpg"}
{"product_id": "P004", "image_url": "https://example.com/images/basketball.jpg"}

影像可以是任務目錄下的本地路徑，也可以是絕對 URL。text_key 指向存放路徑的那個欄位，Potato 會把這個欄位交給顯示元件。

多標籤分類

一張影像同時屬於好幾個類別時，用 multiselect：

yaml
annotation_schemes:
  - annotation_type: multiselect
    name: attributes
    description: "Select all attributes that apply to this image"
    labels:
      - Contains people
      - Outdoor scene
      - Indoor scene
      - Contains text
      - Product photo
      - Lifestyle photo
      - Close-up shot
      - Wide angle

巢狀類目

Potato 沒有給單選按鈕提供巢狀標籤類型，所以兩級類目就是兩個方案。每個方案都要有自己的 labels，而子類目列表必須覆蓋所有父類目：

yaml
annotation_schemes:
  - annotation_type: radio
    name: main_category
    description: "Primary category"
    labels:
      - Apparel
      - Electronics
      - Home
 
  - annotation_type: radio
    name: subcategory
    description: "Subcategory within the primary category"
    labels:
      - Tops
      - Bottoms
      - Footwear
      - Phones & Tablets
      - Computers
      - Audio
      - Furniture
      - Kitchen
      - Decor

如果第二個列表會變得很長，hierarchical_multiselect 能把它收進一個控制元件，省掉拆成兩個方案。

與分類並行的品質檢查

yaml
annotation_schemes:
  - annotation_type: radio
    name: category
    description: "Product category"
    labels: [Electronics, Clothing, Home, Other]
 
  - annotation_type: radio
    name: image_quality
    description: "Is this image suitable for the product catalog?"
    labels:
      - name: Approved
        tooltip: "Clear, well-lit, product is visible"
      - name: Needs review
        tooltip: "Minor issues but potentially usable"
      - name: Rejected
        tooltip: "Poor quality, wrong product, or inappropriate"
 
  - annotation_type: multiselect
    name: quality_issues
    description: "If not approved, what issues are present?"
    labels:
      - Blurry or out of focus
      - Poor lighting
      - Wrong product shown
      - Watermark or text overlay
      - Inappropriate content
      - Multiple products in frame

針對單個標籤的說明寫在 tooltip 裡，這是標籤會讀取的鍵。寫成標籤上的 description:，這段文字不會出現在標註者能看到的任何地方。

完整示例

yaml
annotation_task_name: "E-commerce Image Classification"
task_dir: "."
 
data_files:
  - data/images.json
 
item_properties:
  id_key: sku
  text_key: image_path
 
instance_display:
  fields:
    - key: image_path
      type: image
      label: "Product image"
      display_options:
        max_width: 700
        zoomable: true
 
annotation_schemes:
  - annotation_type: radio
    name: primary_category
    description: "Select the main product category"
    labels:
      - Electronics
      - Clothing & Accessories
      - Home & Living
      - Beauty & Personal Care
      - Sports & Fitness
      - Toys & Games
      - Other
    sequential_key_binding: true
 
  - annotation_type: multiselect
    name: image_attributes
    description: "Select all that apply"
    labels:
      - White background
      - Lifestyle shot
      - Multiple angles
      - Model wearing or using
      - Size reference included
      - Brand visible
    label_requirement:
      required: false
 
  - annotation_type: radio
    name: listing_ready
    description: "Is this image ready for the product listing?"
    labels:
      - Ready to publish
      - Needs editing
      - Reshoot required
    label_requirement:
      required: true
 
annotation_instructions: |
  ## Image Classification Guidelines
 
  ### Category selection
  Choose the most specific category that fits the product.
 
  ### Image quality
  - Ready to publish: clear, professional, meets standards
  - Needs editing: good photo that needs cropping or color correction
  - Reshoot required: fundamentally unsuitable
 
output_annotation_dir: annotation_output/
export_annotation_format: jsonl

影像標註的幾點經驗

不同顯示器的顏色和亮度不一樣，凡是這一點會影響判斷的任務，都要確認標註者用的螢幕校準得還算靠譜。指南里放示例圖片，別用文字去描述類別；一張圖平息的爭論比一整段話還多。把模糊影像該怎麼處理寫下來，因為模糊影像一定會出現。另外每隔一陣子讓團隊標同一批資料再做對比，標準漂移才能早點發現。

實現細節參見影像標註文件。

下一步

完整的影像標註文件參見影像標註。