Name: Potato
Author: Potato

Potato 的影像標註功能可用於標註醫學影像，如 X 光片、皮膚病變照片或其他標準格式（PNG、JPG）的臨床影像。本指南涵蓋了設定醫學影像標註項目的最佳實踐。

重要注意事項

在啟動任何醫學標註項目之前：

去標識化：確保在標註前已從影像中移除所有受保護的健康資訊（PHI）
資料處理：使用機構的安全基礎設施儲存和處理醫學資料
訪問控制：通過現有的身份驗證系統管理標註者訪問
合規性：與 IRB 和合規團隊合作，滿足機構要求

注意：Potato 是一個標註工具，不包含內建的 HIPAA 合規功能、DICOM 檢視器或專用醫學影像功能。這些需求應在基礎設施層面解決。

基本醫學影像標註設定

以下是為標準醫學影像配置 Potato 的方法：

yaml

annotation_task_name: "Medical Image Annotation"
 
data_files:
  - path: data/medical_images.json
    type: json
 
annotation_schemes:
  - annotation_type: image_annotation
    tools: [bbox]
    name: lesions
    labels:
      - name: primary
        color: "#EF4444"
        description: "Primary finding"
 
      - name: secondary
        color: "#F97316"
        description: "Secondary finding"
 
      - name: artifact
        color: "#6B7280"
        description: "Artifact or noise"
 
  - annotation_type: radio
    name: image_quality
    description: "Overall image quality?"
    labels:
      - name: diagnostic
        label: "Diagnostic Quality"
      - name: limited
        label: "Limited Quality"
      - name: non_diagnostic
        label: "Non-Diagnostic"

X 光片和臨床照片標註

對於已匯出為標準影像格式的 X 光片或臨床照片：

yaml

annotation_task_name: "X-Ray Findings Annotation"
 
data_files:
  - path: data/xray_images.json
    type: json
 
annotation_schemes:
  - annotation_type: image_annotation
    tools: [polygon]
    name: abnormalities
    labels:
      - name: opacity
        color: "#EF4444"
        description: "Pulmonary opacity"
 
      - name: consolidation
        color: "#F97316"
        description: "Consolidation"
 
      - name: nodule
        color: "#EAB308"
        description: "Pulmonary nodule"
 
      - name: effusion
        color: "#3B82F6"
        description: "Pleural effusion"
 
  - annotation_type: multiselect
    name: findings
    description: "Select all findings present"
    labels:
      - name: normal
        label: "No acute findings"
      - name: pneumonia
        label: "Pneumonia"
      - name: atelectasis
        label: "Atelectasis"
      - name: pneumothorax
        label: "Pneumothorax"
      - name: fracture
        label: "Fracture"

皮膚病變標註

用於皮膚科影像：

yaml

annotation_task_name: "Dermoscopy Annotation"
 
data_files:
  - path: data/skin_lesions.json
    type: json
 
annotation_schemes:
  - annotation_type: image_annotation
    tools: [polygon]
    name: lesion_boundary
    labels:
      - name: lesion
        color: "#EF4444"
        description: "Lesion boundary"
 
  - annotation_type: multiselect
    name: dermoscopic_features
    description: "Select all features present"
    labels:
      - name: pigment_network
        label: "Pigment Network"
      - name: dots_globules
        label: "Dots/Globules"
      - name: streaks
        label: "Streaks"
      - name: blue_white_veil
        label: "Blue-White Veil"
      - name: regression
        label: "Regression Structures"
      - name: vascular
        label: "Vascular Structures"
 
  - annotation_type: radio
    name: diagnosis
    description: "Most likely diagnosis?"
    labels:
      - name: benign_nevus
        label: "Benign Nevus"
      - name: seborrheic_keratosis
        label: "Seborrheic Keratosis"
      - name: basal_cell
        label: "Basal Cell Carcinoma"
      - name: melanoma
        label: "Melanoma"
      - name: other
        label: "Other"
 
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: confidence
    description: "Diagnostic confidence"
    size: 5
    min_label: "Low"
    max_label: "High"

視網膜影像標註

用於眼底照片和其他視網膜影像：

yaml

annotation_task_name: "Fundus Image Annotation"
 
data_files:
  - path: data/fundus_images.json
    type: json
 
annotation_schemes:
  - annotation_type: image_annotation
    tools: [polygon]
    name: anatomical_structures
    labels:
      - name: optic_disc
        color: "#FDE68A"
        description: "Optic disc boundary"
 
      - name: fovea
        color: "#A78BFA"
        description: "Fovea region"
 
      - name: macula
        color: "#93C5FD"
        description: "Macular region"
 
  - annotation_type: image_annotation
    tools: [polygon]
    name: pathology
    labels:
      - name: hemorrhage
        color: "#EF4444"
        description: "Retinal hemorrhage"
 
      - name: exudate
        color: "#FCD34D"
        description: "Hard/soft exudate"
 
      - name: microaneurysm
        color: "#F97316"
        description: "Microaneurysm"
 
  - annotation_type: radio
    name: dr_grade
    description: "Diabetic retinopathy grade"
    labels:
      - name: none
        label: "No DR"
      - name: mild
        label: "Mild NPDR"
      - name: moderate
        label: "Moderate NPDR"
      - name: severe
        label: "Severe NPDR"
      - name: proliferative
        label: "PDR"

資料格式

以 JSON 格式準備影像資料：

json

[
  {
    "id": "case_001",
    "image": "images/case_001.png",
    "metadata": {
      "body_part": "chest",
      "modality": "xray"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "case_002",
    "image": "images/case_002.png",
    "metadata": {
      "body_part": "chest",
      "modality": "xray"
    }
  }
]

注意：影像必須為標準的 Web 相容格式（PNG、JPG 等）。DICOM 檔案需要在使用 Potato 之前轉換為標準影像格式。

最佳實踐

使用合格的標註者：醫學標註需要臨床專業知識——確保標註者接受過適當培訓
預處理影像：將專用格式（DICOM 等）轉換為標準影像格式，並確保 PHI 已移除
多標註者：讓多個標註者標註每張影像以衡量標註者間一致性
清晰的指南：提供針對臨床領域的詳細標註指南
品質檢查：包含金標準案例以監控標註者準確性
機構合規：與合規團隊合作確保資料處理符合要求

侷限性

Potato 提供通用影像標註，不包含：

原生 DICOM 檔案支援或 DICOM 檢視器
全切片影像（WSI）檢視器及多解析度縮放
內建 HIPAA 合規或審計日誌
醫學資質驗證
專業放射學窗位工具

如需這些功能，請考慮預處理資料或將 Potato 與專業醫學影像基礎設施整合。

有關影像標註的更多資訊，請參閱影像標註。