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Tutorials6 min read

발음 평가 어노테이션

오디오 재생, 파형 시각화, Likert 평가 척도, 녹음별 자유 텍스트 피드백 필드를 갖춘 발음 품질 어노테이션 작업을 Potato로 구축합니다.

Potato Team

발음 평가는 언어 학습 앱, 언어 치료, 액센트 코칭에서 등장합니다. 이 튜토리얼에서는 발음 품질을 평가하고, 특정 오류를 표시하며, 상세한 피드백을 작성하기 위한 인터페이스를 구축하는 과정을 설명합니다. 기반이 되는 오디오 기능에 대해서는 오디오 어노테이션 문서를 참조하십시오.

기본 발음 평가

yaml
annotation_task_name: "Pronunciation Assessment"
task_dir: "."
 
data_files:
  - data/learner_recordings.json
 
item_properties:
  id_key: id
  text_key: target_text
 
instance_display:
  fields:
    - key: target_text
      type: text
      label: "Target sentence"
 
    - key: audio_path
      type: audio
      label: "Learner recording"
      display_options:
        controls: true
        show_waveform: true
 
annotation_schemes:
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: overall_quality
    description: "Overall pronunciation quality"
    size: 5
    min_label: "Very poor"
    max_label: "Excellent"
    label_requirement:
      required: true
 
output_annotation_dir: annotation_output/
export_annotation_format: jsonl
 
user_config:
  allow_all_users: true

상세 평가 구성

yaml
annotation_task_name: "Detailed Pronunciation Assessment"
task_dir: "."
 
data_files:
  - data/recordings.json
 
item_properties:
  id_key: id
  text_key: sentence
 
instance_display:
  fields:
    - key: sentence
      type: text
      label: "Target text"
 
    - key: native_language
      type: text
      label: "First language"
 
    - key: learner_audio
      type: audio
      label: "Learner recording"
      display_options:
        controls: true
        show_waveform: true
 
    - key: native_audio
      type: audio
      label: "Native reference"
      display_options:
        controls: true
 
annotation_schemes:
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: overall
    description: "Overall pronunciation quality"
    size: 5
    min_label: "Very poor"
    max_label: "Excellent"
    label_requirement:
      required: true
 
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: intelligibility
    description: "How understandable is the speaker?"
    size: 5
    min_label: "Unintelligible"
    max_label: "Perfectly clear"
    label_requirement:
      required: true
 
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: accent_strength
    description: "How strong is the foreign accent?"
    size: 5
    min_label: "No accent"
    max_label: "Very strong"
 
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: intonation
    description: "Intonation and rhythm"
    size: 5
    min_label: "Unnatural"
    max_label: "Native-like"
 
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: fluency
    description: "Fluency, meaning smoothness and pausing"
    size: 5
    min_label: "Very disfluent"
    max_label: "Very fluent"
 
  - annotation_type: multiselect
    name: error_types
    description: "What errors are present? Select all that apply."
    labels:
      - Vowel errors
      - Consonant errors
      - Word stress errors
      - Sentence intonation errors
      - Rhythm or timing errors
      - Added sounds
      - Deleted sounds
      - Substituted sounds
      - No significant errors
 
  - annotation_type: text
    name: problem_words
    description: "List any mispronounced words"
    placeholder: "e.g. 'thought' pronounced as 'taught'"
    label_requirement:
      required: false
 
  - annotation_type: radio
    name: native_comparison
    description: "Compared to the native reference"
    labels:
      - Very different
      - Somewhat different
      - Fairly similar
      - Very similar
      - Indistinguishable
 
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: confidence
    description: "Your confidence in this assessment"
    size: 5
    min_label: "Low"
    max_label: "High"
 
output_annotation_dir: annotation_output/
export_annotation_format: jsonl

단어 수준 평가

상세한 음소/단어 피드백을 위해:

yaml
annotation_schemes:
  - annotation_type: multirate
    name: word_ratings
    description: "Rate the pronunciation of each word"
    options:
      - "the"
      - "weather"
      - "is"
      - "really"
      - "nice"
      - "today"
    labels:
      - Poor
      - Fair
      - Good
    arrangement: vertical

음소 수준 어노테이션

음성 연구를 위해:

yaml
data_files:
  - data/phoneme_data.json
 
item_properties:
  id_key: id
  text_key: expected_phonemes
 
annotation_schemes:
  - annotation_type: speech_transcript
    name: phonemes
    description: "Mark substitutions, deletions, and insertions against the expected phonemes"
    segments_key: expected_phonemes
    error_types:
      - substitution
      - deletion
      - insertion
    allow_correction: true

전체 구성

yaml
annotation_task_name: "L2 English Pronunciation Assessment"
task_dir: "."
 
data_files:
  - data/esl_recordings.json
 
item_properties:
  id_key: id
  text_key: target_sentence
 
instance_display:
  fields:
    - key: target_sentence
      type: text
      label: "The learner was asked to say"
 
    - key: native_language
      type: text
      label: "First language"
 
    - key: proficiency_level
      type: text
      label: "Level"
 
    - key: audio_url
      type: audio
      label: "Recording"
      display_options:
        controls: true
        show_waveform: true
 
annotation_instructions: |
  ## Pronunciation Assessment Guidelines
 
  ### Rating scales
 
  **Overall score (1-9)**
  - 1-3: significant difficulty, hard to understand
  - 4-6: noticeable accent, still understandable
  - 7-9: minor issues through to native-like
 
  **Comprehensibility** is how much effort understanding takes. Ignore the
  accent where the message is clear.
 
  **Accentedness** is the degree of foreign accent, judged independently of
  whether you understood it.
 
  ### What to listen for
  Individual sounds, word stress, sentence intonation, and speaking rate.
 
  ### Tips
  Listen at least twice. Use slow playback for the details. Be consistent
  across recordings rather than across raters.
 
annotation_schemes:
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: overall_score
    description: "Overall pronunciation score"
    size: 9
    min_label: "Very poor"
    max_label: "Native-like"
    label_requirement:
      required: true
 
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: comprehensibility
    description: "How easy is it to understand?"
    size: 9
    min_label: "Very hard"
    max_label: "Very easy"
    label_requirement:
      required: true
 
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: accentedness
    description: "How strong is the foreign accent?"
    size: 9
    min_label: "No accent"
    max_label: "Very strong"
 
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: vowels
    description: "Vowel pronunciation accuracy"
    size: 5
    min_label: "Poor"
    max_label: "Excellent"
 
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: consonants
    description: "Consonant pronunciation accuracy"
    size: 5
    min_label: "Poor"
    max_label: "Excellent"
 
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: word_stress
    description: "Word stress patterns"
    size: 5
    min_label: "Incorrect"
    max_label: "Correct"
 
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: sentence_intonation
    description: "Sentence intonation"
    size: 5
    min_label: "Unnatural"
    max_label: "Natural"
 
  - annotation_type: likert
    name: fluency
    description: "Speaking fluency"
    size: 5
    min_label: "Disfluent"
    max_label: "Fluent"
 
  - annotation_type: multiselect
    name: common_errors
    description: "Check all that apply"
    labels:
      - Th-sounds (think, this)
      - R-sounds
      - L-sounds
      - Vowel length
      - Final consonants dropped
      - Consonant clusters simplified
      - Word stress on wrong syllable
      - Flat intonation
      - No errors detected
    label_requirement:
      required: false
 
  - annotation_type: text
    name: feedback
    description: "Specific words or sounds that need work"
    rows: 4
    placeholder: "e.g. 'world' - /r/ needs work; 'through' - th sound"
    label_requirement:
      required: false
 
  - annotation_type: radio
    name: confidence
    description: "How confident are you in your ratings?"
    labels:
      - Not confident
      - Somewhat confident
      - Very confident
 
training:
  enabled: true
  data_file: data/calibration_recordings.json
  annotation_schemes: ["overall_score", "comprehensibility"]
  passing_criteria:
    min_correct: 4
  allow_retry: true
 
phases:
  order: [training, annotation]
  training:
    type: training
    file: data/calibration_recordings.json
 
output_annotation_dir: annotation_output/
export_annotation_format: jsonl
 
user_config:
  allow_all_users: true

출력 형식

json
{
  "overall_score": "6",
  "comprehensibility": "7",
  "accentedness": "5",
  "vowels": "4",
  "consonants": "3",
  "word_stress": "4",
  "sentence_intonation": "3",
  "fluency": "4",
  "common_errors": ["Th-sounds (think, this)", "R-sounds"],
  "feedback": "'weather' - th sound; 'really' - r sound",
  "confidence": "Very confident"
}

발음 평가를 위한 팁

시작하기 전에 몇 개의 샘플 녹음을 그룹으로 함께 평가하여 모두가 같은 기준에 맞춰 보정되도록 하십시오. 평가를 고정하기 위해 참조 녹음을 가까이에 두십시오. 최소 두 번 들으십시오. 한 번은 전반적인 인상을 위해, 다시 한 번은 세부 사항을 위해서입니다. 좋은 헤드폰을 사용하십시오. 휴대폰 스피커는 손해를 봅니다. 그리고 음성학 배경 지식이 있는 평가자는 이를 더 빨리 익힙니다.

다음 단계


전체 오디오 문서는 오디오 주석에 있습니다.